There really are no effective formulas for composing good landscapes. Nonetheless, the general suggestions that follow can probably help you get bet-ter ones. 1. Every landscape should have a focal point. This is the center of interest, the part of the picture your eye is drawn to. It can be a distant moun-tain, the facade of a building, or a clump of trees. Without a focal point, your landscape will likely fall flat. 2. Make sure the subject is big enough. If you use a wide-angle lens, a distant focal point such as a mountain may be too small or the sea may seem to trail off into nothing but water. Your eye seeks a center of interest. If there is none, it will simply wander off to infinity because there is noth-ing in the picture to hold your attention. A small main subject can express the vastness and grandeur of a scene, but if this isn’t your aim, move clos guitar songs er to the main subject and reframe the shot. If the main subject is still too far away or you can’t get closer, use a longer lens. 3. Let the subject guide your approach. If the main subject area contains people, experi-ment with placing them nearer or farther from the camera to achieve different-sized images. Some images can be more effective if they look large and overpowering. Small figures emphasize the vastness of a woodland area. 4. Pay attention to subject placement. Impressive or dynamic subjects (for exam-ple, the plant in picture on left) can often be centrally placed. Medium-sized land-scape images are usually more effective when placed off-cen-ter (such as leaves and tree trunks in picture above). 5. Consider framing your subject. Dramatic central sub-jects generally don’t require framing, but other landscape subjects are usually improved by framing.